Cavendish International Journal of Science and Technology

GROWTH AND ANATOMICAL RESPONSES OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS (L.) MOENCH AS INFLUENCED BY DETERGENT EFFLUENT

O. S. KOLAWOLE, H. M ADAMU, M. S. BELLO, M. M MUAZU, A. 1MAMOON, S. A. AYESA — Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Considering the growing focus on sustainable agriculture and worries about the detrimental impact of widespread industrial (detergent) effluent use on plant growth. Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench growth and anatomical response were studied.

Methodology: The plants were grown on soil that was not contaminated (0%) and soil that had been exposed to various effluent treatments (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%). The data generated were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results: The growth of the plants was found to be negatively impacted by the effluent though at 5% concentration growth and anatomical characters were enhanced. The result of the study showed that at 5% effluent concentrations, the plant height are of same value with the control plants after 14 weeks of planting (33.41±2.67), while stem girth and number of leaves (6.47±0.39 and 6.66±0.54 respectively) were comparatively higher than on control plants (5.09±0.28 and 5.83±0.44 respectively), for fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, plants treated with effluent concentration of 15%, 20% and 25% were the most affected when compared with the control plants. This indicates that plants treated with effluent concentration above 5% were largely affected.

Conclusion: The effluent has an impact on the anatomical structures of the plants, according to the anatomical analysis of the plants treated with effluent concentration. On both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces, there were noticeably fewer epidermal cells as the concentration increased. This study found that detergent effluent, particularly at higher concentrations of 15% and 25%, had a substantial negative impact on the growth and anatomical structure of okra while at lowest (5%) concentration of the effluent displayed a positive impact on growth and anatomical responses of the okra plant. Thus, at low concentrations, industrial effluent can be non-toxic to plant growth.

CONJUGATE IMPACTS OF LINEAR VARIABLE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMAL RADIATION ON NONLINEAR ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING FLUID

S.Y. Zayyanu, A Hussaini, B. Y. Isah — Sat, 21 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the conjugate impacts of variable thermal conductivity and thermal radiation on nonlinear heat conducting fluid moving vertically through parallel channels.

Methodology: The dimensional governing equations were reduced to dimensionless partial differential equations and consequently transformed to ordinary differential equations.

Results: The resulting ordinary differential equations were solved using homotopy perturbation method. The study aimed at discovering the possible effects of thermal radiation parameters, R, thermal conductivity parameter (β), temperature difference parameter (CT) and Magnetic parameter (M), through the help of line graphs.

Conclusion: It was found that Velocity and temperature distributions were increasing functions of R, while Velocity and temperature distributions are decreasing functions of β

GROWTH AND ANATOMICAL RESPONSES OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS (L.) MOENCH AS INFLUENCED BY DETERGENT EFFLUENT

O. S. KOLAWOLE, H. M. ADAMU, M. S BELLO, M. M MUAZU, A. MAMOON, S. A. AYESA — Sat, 21 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CATECHIN AND CATECHIN-3-O-GALLATE FROM THE BARK OF Vitellaria paradoxa (SAPOTACEAE)

S. Y. Maiyama, L. G. Hassan, I. Atiku, K. J. Umar, A. Babagana — Sat, 21 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms has led to the screening of medicinal plants for alternative. Vitellaria paradoxa of Sapotaceae family, is a medicinal plant of vast use in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases including cancer, bacterial and fungal infections. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize bioactive compounds from the ethyl acetate stem bark extract of V. paradoxa.

Methods: The powdered stem bark was extracted successively by maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The dichloromethane soluble portion of the ethyl acetate extract (MD) was subjected to column chromatography and fraction (coded MD168) obtained by pooling of fractions based on their TLC profiles was purified and characterized using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS), one dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques including Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC), Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC) and Proton-Proton Correlation Spectroscopy (1H-1H COSY) and by comparison with the literature.

Results: Based on the spectral data obtained, MD168 was identified as a mixture of two known types of flavanol of flavonoid class: catechin and catechin-3-O-gallate.

Conclusion: The two compounds were previously isolated from the other parts and extracts of V. paradoxa and were reported to be active against strains which make them potential precursors for new drug synthesis.

MODELING THE TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF ANTHRAX DISEASE USING FRACTIONAL ORDER COMPARTMENTAL MODEL AND PHYSICS-INFORMED NEURAL NETWORKS

S. Shikaa, R. Taparki, N. Ejobu — Sat, 21 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: This research investigates the transmission dynamics of Anthrax, a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria, with implications for both human and livestock populations.

Methods: It employs a novel integration of mathematical modeling and physics-informed neural networks; the study provides a comprehensive analysis of Anthrax spread dynamics. Fractional differential equations are formulated within the model to capture the intricate interactions governing disease transmission, considering both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Special attention is given to the examination of steady-state solutions, particularly the local asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium and its associated epidemic basic reproduction number.

Results: The analysis suggests that the model performs well in predicting variables H3 (Recovered humans), V1 (Susceptible livestock), V3 (Vaccinated livestock), and V4 (Recovered livestock), while variables H2 (Infected humans) and V2 (Infected livestock) may require further investigation or model improvement to enhance predictive performance.

Conclusion: This study contributes to advancing our understanding of Anthrax transmission dynamics and underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in addressing infectious disease spread. The insights gained have significant implications for public health strategies aimed at Anthrax prevention and control.

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND INVITRO-ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF 3- NITRO –N- (3-NITROBENZYLIDINE) ANILINE SCHIFF BASE COMPLEXES OF COBALT (II) AND CU (II)

N. M. Bello, M. I. Idris, A. O. Ebune, K. B. Ahmad — Sat, 21 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Schiff base derived from an equimolar amount of 3-nitrobenzaldehyde with P-nitro aniline was synthesized.

Methodology: A solution of 1.02 ml of 3-nitrobenzaldehyde [0.01m] in 10ml of ethanol, and 1.38gm 0f 4-nitroaniline [0.01m] in 10ml ethanol was added in a beaker. a few drops of glacial acetic acid were added to adjust the pH of the solution. The reaction mixture was stirred in 5 hours; after stirring cool water was added, the obtained precipitate was collected by filtration. It was well dried and recrystallized from ethanol and dried at room temperature, the yellow product of Schiff base ligand was obtained after re-crystallization. The Schiff base was subsequently reacted with Cobalt (II) chloride and Copper (II) chloride to form the metal complexes. The compounds were characterized using FTIR, UV-visible, melting point/decomposition and solubility test.

Results: The solubility test of the compounds showed that they are soluble in most organic solvents and the melting point of the Schiff base ligand was found to be 147.8 oC and the decomposition temperature of the Cobalt (II) and Copper (II) were found to be 158.8oC and 157.9oC for the Cobalt (II) and Copper (II) complexes respectively. The UV and the IR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of complex. The antimicrobial studies of the synthesized ligands and their Cobalt (II) and Copper (II) metal complexes were carried out against Aspergillus, Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli.

Conclusion: The results indicated that the metal complexes were more active than the ligand but less active compared to standard drugs (ciprofloxacin and fluconazole).